![]() At the expense of the training of elementary school teachers (mostly women), teacher educators shifted their attention to the turning out of educational "specialists" (mostly men)-administrators, faculty members at normal schools and teachers colleges, adult education teachers, and educational researchers. In its stead, with the advent of newly emerging graduate schools of education in the early decades of the twentieth century, came the so-called professionalization of public education. ![]() ![]() Initially, attempts were made to upgrade public school teaching to a genuine profession, but that ideal was gradually abandoned. To lend weight to his charge that the public school teacher has been betrayed and gravity to his indictment of the educational establishment for that betrayal, Jurgen Herbst goes back to the beginnings of teacher education in America in the 1830s and traces its evolution up to the 1920s, by which time the essential damage had been done. To lend weight to his charge that the public school tea.) ![]() And Sadly Teach: Teacher Education and Professionalization in American Culture ![]()
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